There are different processes for manufacturing hardwood. Some of these processes are listed below:
*Solid wood manufacturing: Solid wood can be cut in 3 styles - flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and rift-sawn. Nevertheless, because just one side of the wood is visible on flooring, wood manufactured using quarter-sawn and rift-sawn styles will have the same appearance.
Many solid woods come with assimilation strips - grooves cut into the back of the wood that run the length of each plank. They're used to reduce cupping. Solid wood floors are often manufactured with a tongue-and-groove for installation.
*Engineered wood manufacturing
*Lamella
The lamella is the face layer of the wood that is visible when installed. Often it is a sawn piece of timber. Just like solid wood, the timber can be cut in 3 alternative styles which are flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and rift-sawn.
*Core/substrate
1) Wood ply construction ("sandwich core") : This process uses multiple thin plies of wood stuck together. The wood grain of each ply runs vertical to the ply below it. Stability is accomplished from utilizing thin layers of wood that have almost nothing to any reaction to change in the climatic conditions. The equal amount of pressure which is exerted lengthwise as well as widthwise from the plies running vertical to one another adds to the stability of the wood.
2) Finger core construction: Finger core designed wooden floors are made from tiny pieces of milled timber that run perpendicular to the top layer (lamella) of the wood. Stability is gained through the grains running vertical to one another, and the growth and contraction of wood is reduced and demoted to the middle ply, stopping the floor from gapping or cupping.
3) Fiberboard: The core is made from medium or high density fiberboard. Fiberboard has minimal expansion and contraction so that the core remains extremely stable. Fiberboard is also harder and denser than most woods and is less vulnerable to denting. Floors along a fiberboard core are hygroscopic and must never be exposed to huge amounts of water or extremely high humidity - the enlargement caused from soaking up water mixed with the density of the fiberboard, will make it lose its form and shape. Fiberboard is cheaper than timber but isn't VOC free and isn't green.
*Other wood manufacturing styles
Rotary-peel: This process contains treating the wood by boiling the log in water at a certain temperature for a given amount of time. After preparation, the wood is peeled by a blade beginning from the exterior of the log and working toward the center, therefore making a wood veneer. The veneer is then pushed flat with high pressure. This kind of producing has a tendency to have issues with the wood cupping or curling back to its original shape. This issue is sometimes known as face checking and is a manufacturing imperfection. Rotary-peeled devised hardwoods have a tendency to have a plywood appearance in their grains.
*Sliced-peel: This process starts with the same treatment process which the rotary peel system uses. Nonetheless, rather than being chopped in a rotary fashion, with this method the wood is cut from the end of a log, leading to disk formed veneers. The veneers then go through the same producing process as rotary peeled veneers. Built hardwood produced this way has a tendency to have fewer issues with face checking, and also hasn't got the same plywood appearance in the grain. Nonetheless the planks can have a tendency to have edge chipping and cracking thanks to the fact the veneers have been submersed in water and then pushed flat.
*Dry solid-sawn: Rather than boiling the hardwood logs, in this process they are kept at a low humidity level and dried slowly to draw moisture from the interior of the wood cells. The logs are then sawed in an identical manner as for solid hardwood planks. This kind of built hardwood has the same look as solid hardwood, and doesn't have any of the possible problems of face checking that rotary-peel and slice-peel products have, as the product isn't exposed to added moisture.